1950
The Question
Turing frames intelligence as behavior, launching a century-long conversation about machines and minds.
booting neural horizon
scroll the evolution
1950
Turing frames intelligence as behavior, launching a century-long conversation about machines and minds.
1986
Backpropagation gives neural networks a practical way to improve, turning curiosity into engineering momentum.
2012
Deep learning dominates image recognition and proves that scale, data, and compute can unlock new capability curves.
2017
The transformer architecture shifts AI from narrow pattern matching toward general-purpose language and sequence reasoning.
2024+
Models become collaborators that can plan, use tools, inspect outputs, and operate across real workflows.
next chapter
Capability is accelerating. The challenge is to make the acceleration legible, controllable, and humane.